Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine system disorder that affects approximately 5-10% of women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS typically have higher than normal levels of male hormones called *androgens*. This hormone imbalance causes them to skip menstrual periods and makes it harder to get pregnant.
The exact cause of PCOS is unknown. However, it often runs in families and is associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance causes the body to produce more insulin to help glucose enter cells. Excess insulin can increase androgen production, which interferes with ovulation.
Common signs and symptoms of PCOS include:
- Irregular, absent, or heavy and prolonged menstrual periods
- Infertility or subfertility
- Ovarian cysts
- Acne and oily skin
- Excess body and facial hair (hirsutism)
- Weight gain and difficulty losing weight
- Thinning hair or hair loss (alopecia)
- Darkening of the skin on the neck, arms, breasts, or inner thighs (acanthosis nigricans)
To be diagnosed with PCOS, a woman must have at least two of the following criteria:
- Irregular or absent ovulation/menstruation
- High levels of androgens
- Ovarian cysts
Diagnostic tests may include:
- Physical exam to check for signs of androgen excess
- Pelvic exam to examine the ovaries
- Blood tests to measure hormone levels
- Vaginal ultrasound to examine the ovaries
Treatment focuses on managing individual symptoms and preventing long-term complications like diabetes, heart disease, and endometrial cancer. Lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and weight loss can help restore ovulation/menstruation and improve metabolic health. Birth control pills and other medications may also be prescribed.
In summary, PCOS is a hormone imbalance that interferes with ovulation and causes a variety of symptoms. Proper diagnosis and treatment at Rebalance Clinic can help women better manage this condition.