Osteoporosis is a bone disease that causes a loss of bone density, deteriorating the bone tissue. This makes bones brittle and more likely to fracture. Osteoporosis is often called a "silent disease" because bone loss occurs without symptoms.
Some key facts about osteoporosis:
- It affects both men and women, but women are at higher risk due to menopause.
- The most common broken bones from osteoporosis are vertebrae, hips, and wrists.
- Building strong and healthy bones during childhood and adolescence can be protective later in life.
- Key risk factors include family history, vitamin D deficiency, low calcium intake, smoking, alcohol intake, and lack of exercise.
How does it develop?
Essentially, new bone isn't being formed fast enough to keep up with old bone being absorbed back into the body. As we age, bone mass begins to break down at a faster rate than new bone can be created.
Osteoporosis progresses in stages:
- In early stages, bones weaken without any pain or fractures. Most people don't know they have osteoporosis until weakened bones cause a break.
- In later stages, visible symptoms like stooped posture, loss of height, or fractures begin to appear as the disorder progresses. Fractures typically occur in the hip, wrist, and spine.
Treatments range from lifestyle changes like proper nutrition and exercise to medication. Key lifestyle factors include:
- Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake to build bone mass
- Weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises
- Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol intake
For those with advanced-stage osteoporosis, doctors may prescribe medication like bisphosphonates to slow bone loss along with supplementation and lifestyle changes.
In summary, osteoporosis causes bones to weaken and become fragile over time. Building strong bones early in life and staying active provides some protection against bone loss later on. Treatments focus on diet, exercise, avoiding unhealthy habits, and medication when necessary to maintain bone health.