Infertility refers to the inability to conceive a child or carry a pregnancy to full term after 1 year of having unprotected, regular sexual intercourse without use of birth control. About 10-15% of couples in the United States are affected by infertility.
Some key facts about infertility:
- It is typically defined as not being able to get pregnant after one year of trying for women under 35 years old, and after 6 months of trying for women over 35.
- Both men and women can be infertile and contribute to a couple's infertility.
- Common causes in women include:
- Ovulation disorders
- Blocked fallopian tubes
- Endometriosis
- Abnormalities of the uterus
- Early menopause
- Common causes in men include:
- Low sperm count
- Problems with sperm shape or movement
- Undescended testicles
- Genetic disorders
- Varicocele
- There are many treatment options available for infertility, including:
- Fertility drugs to regulate ovulation
- Artificial insemination procedures
- Assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF)
- Surgery to correct anatomical abnormalities
- Lifestyle changes like losing excess weight, limiting alcohol, and quitting smoking may also help improve fertility.
The emotional stress and depression associated with infertility and not being able to start a family can be significant. Seeking professional medical advice is important, as is getting emotional support. There are many resources and online support groups available as well.
With advancing technologies and procedures, there are more tools available today to aid conception and treat infertility than ever before. Yet it remains a painful challenge for many couples hoping to grow their families. Continuing innovation and research provide hope that even more progress lies ahead.